Cotterill, Eleanor

Cotterill, Eleanor
Start date:
October 2017
Research Topic:
Understanding Statelessness
Research pathway:
Research Supervisor:
Dr Angharad Closs Stephens
Supervising school:
Department of Geography,
Primary funding source:
ESRC

A Stateless person is defined in the 1954 UN Convention relating to Statelessness as “a person who is not considered as a national by any state under the operation of its law”. Globally, 10 million people are estimated to be stateless; every state and continent is affected. Causes include discriminatory policies towards gender or communities, conflicts and nationality laws. Statelessness is ever present in the modern world due to the great proliferation of geopolitical realities. For example, statelessness is a growing consequence of the Syrian conflict. Due to inconsistent citizenship laws, over 90,000 children are at risk, potentially creating a stateless generation. The UN estimates a stateless child is born every 10 minutes.

Compared to other similar areas of research, statelessness has been neglected. In 2014, the UNHCR recently produced the “Handbook on the protection of Stateless persons” to assist governments, policy makers, administrative adjudicators, the judiciary, NGO’s, legal practitioners, UNHCR staff and other actors in interpreting and applying the conventions. However, loopholes allow the avoidance of obligations and prohibitions. The UK introduced a specific Statelessness identification procedure in 2013. However, since its introduction, only 5.2% of stateless applications have been granted.

This study aims, through creative research methods, to contribute original knowledge on the experience of statelessness in the UK. This project also aims to discover if this status is truly understood by key stakeholders in the UK, from grassroots community organisations through to government representatives.

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About Eleanor Cotterill

The global stateless population is severely under reported. The UNHCR estimates there are currently ten million stateless people worldwide. Unlike a refugee, one does not have to cross an international border to become stateless, but statelessness is a significant cause of refugee flows. Stateless persons are denied a formal identity, left in a legal no-man’s land, excluded from society. A stateless person can be barred from education, employment, healthcare, owning property, marrying legally, registering a birth and detained for prolonged periods. They are deprived from public spaces that allow them to appear, speak and act. Consequences include destitution, homelessness, depression and exploitation. This section of the global population presents multiple problems to governments; who is ultimately responsible for these persons? This dilemma is growing. The global stateless population is expanding; the UN estimates a stateless child is born every ten minutes. Additionally, states are becoming increasingly nationalistic and insular, unwilling to assist any “others”. President Trump’s suspension of the refugee resettlement programme and travel restrictions on seven primarily Muslim countries exemplifies this narrative. Compared to other areas of study, statelessness is under-researched. The 1954 and 1961 Conventions are out-dated and under-approved. The UNHCR recently produced the “Handbook on the protection of Stateless persons” (2014) to assist governments, policy makers, administrative adjudicators, the judiciary, NGO’s, legal practitioners, UNHCR staff and other actors in interpreting and applying the conventions. However, loopholes allow the avoidance of obligations and prohibitions. The UK has granted only 5.2% of stateless applications since 2013. Curiously, to apply, one has to provide official identification certificates and documentation (Home Office, 2017). This implies a lack of understanding of statelessness by the UK government. My proposed investigation will attempt to fill gaps in the literature, exploring the relationship between statelessness and nationality, countering trends concentrating on international law and broad statistics.